In case of pressure vessels having closed ends, the fluid pressure induces

Answer: Option A

Closed-end pressure vessels experience additional forces due to internal fluid pressure acting on the end caps.

Circumferential (hoop) stress acts around the circumference and tends to increase the diameter of the vessel. This is always present in thin-walled cylinders.

Longitudinal stress arises only when the vessel has closed ends, because the fluid pressure pushes on the end surfaces. This force tries to pull the ends apart, creating stress along the length of the vessel.

Shear stress does not play a significant role in such cases.

Conclusion: In pressure vessels with closed ends, the internal fluid pressure induces a longitudinal stress in addition to hoop stress, and the correct answer here is longitudinal stress.