One who resides in a country of which he is not a citizen

Answer: Option A

One word substitute is Alien.

Alien: a foreigner, especially one who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living.
Native: a person born in a specified place or associated with a place by birth, whether subsequently resident there or not.
Primitive: relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something.
Prodigal: spending money or using resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.