The concept of vertical and horizontal resistance was introduced by

Answer: Option B

The concept of vertical and horizontal resistance was introduced by Vander Plank (1963).
The term vertical resistance, used commonly in the context of plant selection, was first used by J. E. Vanderplank to describe single-gene resistance.
This contrasted with the term horizontal resistance which was used to describe many-gene resistance.
In vertical resistance, there are single genes for resistance in the host plant, and there are also single genes for parasitic ability in the parasite. This phenomenon is known as the gene-for-gene relationship.