Voyeurism has been criminalized in India by virtue of which amendment to Indian Penal Code?

Answer: Option D

The correct answer is Option D: 2013

First, let's define Voyeurism: Voyeurism is the practice of obtaining sexual gratification by observing others who are naked or engaging in sexual activity, without their knowledge or consent.

Voyeurism was not a specific offense under the original Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860. It was criminalized in India through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013. This amendment introduced Section 354C into the IPC, which specifically addresses voyeurism.

Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the year the amendment criminalizing voyeurism was passed. The 2013 amendment was a significant step in strengthening laws against sexual offenses in India.