Which of the following are the trends in International Industrial Relations System? 1. MNCs try to cultivate centralised ethnocentric approach to the extent of pressurising the National Governments to bring out unprecedented economic and labour reforms. 2. MNCs aspire for hassle free business climate and for this, adopt the practice of replacing expensive labour with cheap labour through outsourcing. 3. MNCs promote individual centric human resource policies to keep trade unions at bay. 4. MNCs act like 'octopus' . Nations, trade unions and other actors of industrial relations only grapple with the unfathomable strength of MNCs.

Answer: Option D