S1: Production of coins starts with the buying of unmixed metals and their testing by the Assay Department.
P: These ingots are reheated until the temperature is hot enough for hot rolling.
Q: During this stage, the ingots pass through a series of rollers until they form long, thin sheets which are the thickness of a coin.
R: From these thin strips, blank discs are punched.
S: Then the metals are alloyed in oil - fired or electric arc furnaces, and cast into ingots 40 cm wide, 15 cm thick and 6 m long.
S6: The blanks are heated to soften them, then rolled so that the rim is raised and are stamped with the design of the coin.
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S1: Much of our adult behaviour and our attitudes are determined by our upbringing.
P: But the process does not stop here.
Q: In particular by the effects of that small part of society which is our family.
R: As we grow we are constantly and increasingly affected by new forces such as the social pressure of our friends and the larger world of society.
S: The family and our early life have profound effect on our later life.
S6: Psychologists have studied these forces in depth.
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S1: He took two cigarettes from my case.
P: But when the fit of coughing was over, he replaced it between his lips.
Q: He lit one of them and placed it between the lips.
R: Then with a feeble hand he removed the cigarette.
S: Slowly he took a pull at it and coughed violently.
S6: Then he continued to draw on it.
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S1: Progress and success are attained in slow degrees.
P: But slow progress makes us grow impatient, disheartened and discouraged.
Q: The general tendency is to find fault with the system.
R: It is for this reason that people condemn and criticise the government.
S: People expect miracles and nothing short of a magical transformation can convince them.
S6: However, we must realise the truth that perfection is attained in slow proportions to the amount of labour put in by us.
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S1: Plastic containers are being used more and more to package soft drinks, milk, oil, fruit juices, ketchup, etc.
P: Most people think that this is the right thing to do, as it is economical.
Q: Plastic containers are cheap and light.
R: It is easier to transport materials packaged in them than in glass bottles.
S: They also involve the least transport costs.
S6: Yet as plastics do not decompose by bacteria or naturally in the air, they are a big threat to the environment.
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S1: Your letter was a big relief.
P: How did your exams go?
Q: After your result, you must come here for a week.
R: You hadn't written for over a month.
S: I am sure you will come out with flying colours.
S6: But don't forget to bring chocolate for Geeta.
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S1: Ram Mohan Roy was a lover of his country.
P: He said that it would be a good plan to build an English school or college.
Q: One evening he was talking with David and a few friends on the wisest way of uplifting the mind and character of the people of India.
R: But he thought of subjects beyond watches.
S: David was a watchmaker.
S6: Indians and Europeans met next year to put this idea into shape.
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S1: The role of the precious yellow metal is undergoing a dramatic change.
P: In developing countries like India, where gold is used mainly for ornaments, a distinct change in attitude is in the offing.
Q: Slowly, the use of gold in the form of ornaments will be on the decline and even if gold prices shoot up, women folk would not like to sell off their ornaments.
R: The yellow metal will soon be treated as an investment instrument.
S: The maxim, "Larger the gold reserves, richer the country" will not hold good for a long time.
S6: Again, it would not be an economic proposition to buy and sell gold ornaments as an instrument of investment as buying would be costlier and selling will be at a discount.
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S1: The December dance and music season in Madras is like the annual tropical cyclone.
P: A few among the new aspirants dazzle with the colour of youth, like fresh saplings.
Q: It rains an abundance of music for over a fortnight.
R: Thick clouds of expectation charge the atmosphere with voluminous advertisements.
S: At the end of it one is left with the feeling that the music of only those artists seasoned by careful nurturing, stands tall like well rooted trees.
S6: Many a hastily planted shrub gets washed away in the storm.
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S1: The coming of the computer sparked the need for remotely operated controls.
P: It is silicon chip that is at the heart of the remote control.
Q: This produces an infra-red beam, which is made up of electromagnetic waves.
R: When you press the button on the remote control, the chip sets off an electronic vibration.
S: The beam carries a coded signal such as switch on, raise volume, etc.
S6: The code is based on binary digits.
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S1: Go to the library and see the clerk.
P: When you have chosen the books you wish to take home, you take them to the clerk with the tickets.
Q: You will probably have to sign a form promising to take care of the books.
R: Then you are usually given two or three ticket with your name and address on them.
S: The clerk keeps the tickets until you return the books.
S6: He stamps the books with a date.
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S1: There were no finger prints anywhere.
P: First of all it was impossible even for a child to enter through the hole in the roof.
Q: When the investigators tried to reconstruct the crime, they came up against facts.
R: Moreover, when the detectives tried to push a silver vase, it was found to be double the sizeof the hole.
S: Again, the size of the hole was examined by the experts who said that nothing had been passed through it.
S6: These conclusions made the detectives think that it was a fake theft.
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S1: In the middle of one side of the square sits the Chairman of the committee, the most important person in the room.
P: For a committee is not just a mere collection of individuals.
Q: On him rests much of the responsibility for the success or failure of the committee.
R: While this is happening we have an opportunity to get the 'feel' of this committee.
S: As the meeting opens, he runs briskly through a number of formalities.
S6: From the moment its members meet, it begins to have a sort nebulous life of its own.
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S1: Over the centuries the face of the earth has become crowded with monuments and memorials.
P: Films, pictures and even miniature models can be made of the relics for prosperity interested in knowing about them.
Q: Some people however would contend that antiquity should be preserved for future generations.
R: If they were all to be preserved we will have very little space for other, more useful, things.
S: Personally, I do not agree with their contention.
S6: We must have more space for building new things and developing open countryside.
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S1: Helen Keller has an ageless quality about her in keeping with her amazing life story.
P: Although warmed by this human reaction, she has no wish to be set aside from the rest of mankind.
Q: She is an inspiration to both blind and the seeing everywhere.
R: When she visited Japan after World War II, boys and girls from remote villages ran to her, crying "Helen Keller".
S: Blind, deaf and mute from early childhood, she rose above her triple handicap to become one of the best known characters in the modern world.
S6: She believes the blind should live and work with their fellows, with full responsibility.
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S1: This year many States have been badly affected by the drought situation prevailing in the country.
P: No better is the situation elsewhere, where floods have ravaged the standing crop.
Q: Though some have been less affected, even these are facing an uphill task in managing the situation.
R: Especially pitiable is the plight of the poor farmer who cannot afford a tubewell to irrigate his land.
S: Here the predicament is more equitable, for everybody's land is similarly submerged under ten feet of water.
S6: Either way, it seems the lot of the Indian farmer to be at the mercy of the elements.
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S1: There is a touching story of Professor Hardy visiting Ramanujan as he lay desperately ill in hospital at Putney.
P: "No Hardy, that is not a dull number in the very least.
Q: Hardy, who was a very shy man, could not find the words for his distress.
R: It was 1729.
S: The best he could do, as he got to the bedside was : "I say, Ramanujan, I thought the number of the taxi I came down in was a very dull number."
S6: It is the lowest number that can be expressed in two different ways as the sum of two cubes."
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S1: I also demand adventure for myself.
P: As a physiologist I can try experiments on myself.
Q: Life without danger would be like life without mustard.
R: Love of adventure does not mean love of thrills.
S: I can also participate in wars and revolutions of which I approve.
S6: The satisfaction of adventure is something much more solid than a thrill.
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S1: A small pool in the rocks outside my cottage in the Mussoorie hills provides me endless delight.
P: I stood very still, anxious that it should drink its fill.
Q: And once I saw a barking deer, head lowered at the edge of the pool.
R: Water beetles paddle the surface, while tiny fish lurk in the shallows.
S: Sometimes a spotted fork tail bird comes to drink, hopping delicately from rock to rock.
S6: It did and then, looking up, saw me and leapt across the ravine to disappear into the forest.
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S1: Always remember that regular and frequent practice is essential if you are to learn to write well.
P: Even with the most famous writers, inspiration is rare.
Q: Writing is 99 percent hard work and one percent inspiration, so the sooner you get into the habit of writing, the better.
R: It is no good waiting until you have an inspiration before you write.
S: You learn to write by writing.
S6: If you keep your eyes and ears open, you will find plenty of things to write about around you to be able to discipline yourself to write.
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