Which of the following reason(s) was/were considered necessary for the Constitution (Seventy-Seventh) Amendment Act, 1995 inserting Article 16(4A)?
1. Inadequacy of representation of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in services in the States.
2. Reservation in promotion was held constitutionally impermissible in Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, AIR 1993 SC 477.
3. To prevent qualitative exclusion of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in services in the States.
4. To achieve inter-locking in horizontal and vertical reservation among the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in services in the States.
Select the correct answer from the following:
In which of the following cases, it was observed that under Article 368, fundamental rights included in Part III are not amendable if it is so, then there is need of new Constituent assembly to be convened for making new Constitution
The theory of separation of power does not prevent the state executive from exercising power with respect to which the legislature of the state has power to make law as provided under-
While a proclamation of emergency is in operation, the duration of Parliament may be extended beyond five years by Parliament for a period not exceeding:
In which of the following cases the Supreme Court held that placing ordinance before Legislature is mandatory; Re-promulgation of ordinance is fraud on the Constitution?