When with a change in price the total outlay on a commodity remains constant, it is a case of
A. Perfect inelasticity
B. Perfect elasticity
C. Unit elasticity
D. Zero elasticity
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Which of the following is an implicit cost of production?
A. Charges for electricity
B. Wages of the labour
C. Interest on owned money capital
D. payment for raw materials
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Economies of Scale means
A. Reductions in unit cost of production
B. Reductions in unit cost of distribution
C. Addition to the unit cost of production
D. Reduction in the total cost of production
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A profit-maximising monopolist in two separate markets will
A. Always charge a higher price in the market where he sells less
B. Always charge a higher price in the market where he sells more
C. Charge the same price in both markets
D. Adjust his sales in the two markets so that his MR in each market just equals his aggregate marginal cost
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For a closed economy having no foreign trade which one of the following is correct?
A. GDP = GNP
B. GDP > GNP
C. GDP
D. GDP ≤ = GNP
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A centralised cartel
A. Is illegal in the U.S.
B. Behaves as the multiplant monopolist if it wants to minimise the total cost of production
C. Leads to the monopoly situation
D. All of the above
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Law of equi-marginal utility is also known as
A. Law of substitution
B. Law of maximum satisfaction
C. Gossen's second law
D. All of the above
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Which one of the following is not a determinant of demand?
A. Government policy
B. Impact of advertisement
C. Climatic conditions
D. None of the above
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Price elasticity of demand provides
A. A measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in the price of the product, holding constant the values of all other variables in the demand function
B. A technical change in the goodwill of the firm
C. A technical change in the cost of product
D. Technical change in the value
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Calculate the advertising elasticity of sales if 'A' denotes advertising expenditure and 'S' denotes sales
S1 = Rs. 40,000 A1 = Rs. 200
S1 = Rs. 50,000 A1 = Rs. 190
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Income elasticity is computed by the formula
A. e i = P 1 Q 1 − Q 2
B. e i = Y 1 Y 2 − Y 1 Q 1 Q 2 − Q 1
C. e i = Q 1 Q 2 − Q 1 × Y 2 − Y 1 Y 1 × 100
D. e i = Y 2 − Q 2 Y 1 − Q 1
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In case a decrease in price of a commodity results in an increase in its demand on a negatively sloping demand curve, it is called
A. an increase in demand
B. an increase in quantity demanded
C. law of demand
D. All of the above
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On a less than perfectly elastic demand curve, the MR for a given price and output is equal to price multiplied by
A. [ 1 − e ]
B. [ e − e 1 ]
C. [ 1 − e 1 ]
D. [ e 1 − 1 ]
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When AR is constant, MR is
A. Equal to AR
B. Less than AR
C. More than AR
D. Equal to zero
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Any straight line supply curve which cuts the X-axis will have
A. An elasticity less than one but not zero
B. Unitary elasticity of supply
C. An elasticity greater than one
D. Zero elasticity of supply
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The LAC curve
A. Goes through the lowest point of the LMC curve
B. Rises when the LMC curve rises
C. Falls when the LMC curve falls
D. Falls when LMC < LAC and rises when LMC > LAC
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In conditions of pure competition, in which the demand for a firm's product is infinitely elastic, the firm's average revenue curve will be
A. U shaped
B. A horizontal straight line
C. A vertical straight line
D. A straight line at 45° to the horizontal axis
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Average fixed cost
A. Remains the same whatever the level of output
B. Increases as output increases
C. Diminishes as output increases
D. All the three are possible
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A demand curve is a boundary concept because it shows
A. The minimum price and minimum quantity
B. The maximum price and minimum quantity
C. The maximum quantity and the minimum price
D. Both price and quantity is maximum
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Match the following.
List-I (Economist)
List-II (Statement)
a. Robinson
1. The elasticity of demand at any price or at any output is the proportional change of amount purchased in response to a small change in price divided by the proportional change in price.
b. Boulding
2. The elasticity of demand may be defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded which would result from 1% change in price.
c. Cairn cross
3. The elasticity of demand for a commodity is the rate at which the quantity bought changes as the price changes.
d. Marshall
4. The elasticity for demand in a market is great or small according as the amount of demand increases much or little for a given fall in price and diminishes much or little for a given rise in price.
A. a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2
B. a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3
C. a-1, b-3, c-2, d-4
D. a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
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