One of the first investigators to suggest that learning principles could be applied to attitudes was
A. Green spoon (1955)
B. Doob (1947)
C. Griffitt (1970)
D. Leon Festinger (1957)
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Cognitive Dissonance is:
A. An unpleasant state that occurs when we notice that various attitudes we hold, are some how inconsistent
B. A pleasant state of emotional attitude
C. A theory related to intelligence
D. Semantic memory
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The process by which information about others is converted into more or less enduring cognitions or thoughts about them is called
A. Impression formation
B. Cognitive Framework
C. Stereotype formation
D. Systematic distortion
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Who has given the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A. Likert
B. Doob
C. Leon Festinger
D. None of the above
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There is little doubt that many of the attitudes we hold are influenced by . . . . . . . .
A. Friend
B. Parents
C. Group membership
D. None of these
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Match
List-I with
List-II and select the correct answer:
List-I (Tactics)
List-II (Explanation)
A. Foot-in-the-door-technique
1. Person employing this tactic starts with a very large request. After that request is refused, a much, smaller one is made
B. Door-in-the-face technique
2. People start with a trivial request and then, when this is granted, move on to a larger request, the one they really wanted all along
C. Playing hard to get
3. Individuals try to create the impression that they are very popular or very much in demand
A. A-2, B-1, C-3
B. A-3, B-2, C-1
C. A-1, B-2, C-3
D. A-2, B-3, C-1
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The most common method of measuring attitudes is the
A. Public opinion polling
B. Self-report methods
C. Involuntary behavioural measures
D. Classical conditioning measures
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The theory of planned behaviour is proposed by
A. Ajzen and Fishbein
B. Fazio
C. Roskos-Ewoldsen
D. Petty and Krosnick
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Items such as "would exclude from my country" or "would admit to marriage in my family" are found in which attitude measure?
A. A reference group scale
B. A social distance scale
C. An attitude scale
D. An open-ended interview
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Which one of the following statements is correct about bogus pipeline?
A. Bogus pipeline is an ingenious technique for studying attitudes
B. In bogus pipeline, respondents are told that they will be attached to a special apparatus that, by measuring tiny changes in their muscles can assess their true opinions no matter what they say
C. Bogus pipeline is an ingenious technique for studying memory
D. Both A and B
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Biased Assimilation is the tendency
A. To evaluate information that discon firms our existing views as less convincing or reliable than information that confirms these views
B. To direct our attention away from information
C. To avoid forewarning
D. None of the above
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. . . . . . . . is/are major way/ways for a person to reduce dissonance.
A. To change one of the cognitive elements
B. To add a new cognitive element
C. To motivate the person
D. Both A and B
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. . . . . . . . is the term used to refer to the situation in which individuals change their beliefs or behaviours so that they become more similar to those of other group members.
A. Attribution
B. Conformity
C. Dissonance
D. None of the above
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Doob proposed that the principles of . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . could be used to explain the formation and change of attitudes in much the same way that they have been applied to overt behaviour.
A. Classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning
B. Classical conditioning, classical response
C. Instrumental conditioning, instrumental response
D. None of these
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Self-report measures are accurate only to the extent that respondents are willing or able to report their attitudes . . . . . . . .
A. Correctly
B. Incorrectly
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
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The first major attempt to formulate the implicit rules was made by
A. Fritz Heider
B. Lewis Terman
C. Sigmund Freud
D. None of the above
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Match
List-I (Validity/clinical scales of MMPI) with
List-II (characteristics of high scores on these scales) and select the correct answer:
List-I
List-II
A. Lie Scale
1. Feeling of hopelessness and worthlessness
B. Paranoia Scale
2. Excessive concern about health, exaggeration of real or imagined physical ailments
C. Depression Scale
3. Denial of common personal faults, defensiveness
D. Hypochondriasis scale
4. Obsessive-compulsiveness, excessive introspection that dwells on fears and self-doubts
5. Defensiveness, suspiciousness and jealousy
A. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-1
B. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2
C. A-3, B-5, C-4, D-2
D. A-5, B-3, C-1, D-4
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When we watch commercials we know fully well that these messages are designed to change our views. This kind of knowledge is known as
A. Forewarning
B. Fore knowledge
C. Biased assimilation
D. Anticipation
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Which one of the following options about impression formation is correct?
A. We tend to weight negative information about others more heavily than positive information
B. The more unusual the information about behaviour or traits the greater the weight placed on information
C. Information received first is weighted more heavily than information received later and information from sources we trust is weighted more heavily
D. All of the above
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. . . . . . . . can also be used to provide information about the percentage of the population that supports the use of marijuana, the death penalty or a low-cost housing project.
A. Self-report method
B. Public opinion polls
C. Attitude scale
D. Interview
Select an option to see the answer and solution.