If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).
If p1 is the vertical intensity of pressure at a depth h on a block of earth weighing w per unit volume and the angle of repose φ, the lateral intensity of pressure p2 is
A pile of length ‘L’ carrying a uniformly distributed load ‘W’ per metre length is suspended at two points, the maximum, B.M. at the centre of the pile or at the points of suspension, is
If K is a constant depending upon the ratio of the width of the slab to its effective span l, x is the distance of the concentrated load from the nearer support, bw is the width of the area of contact of the concentrated load measured parallel to the supported edge, the effective width of the slab be is
To ensure that the hogging bending moment at two points of suspension of a pile of length L equals the sagging moment at its centre, the distances of the points of suspension from either end, is
In a doubly-reinforced beam if ‘c’ and ‘t’ are stresses in concrete and tension reinforcement, ‘d’ is the effective depth and ‘n’ is depth of critical neutral axis, the following relationship holds good
The zone in which transverse bending is likely to occur may be obtained by drawing a line from the faces of the column making an angle θ° with horizontal where θ° is