Short-term regular variations related to the calendar or time of day is known as
A. Trend
B. Seasonality
C. Cycles
D. Random variations
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Match the items of
List-II with the items of
List-I and find the correct matching. The items relate to economies of scale/scope.
List-I
List-II
a. Economies of scale
1. Arise with lower average costs of manufacturing a product when two complementary products are produced by a single firm
b. Internal economies
2. Mean lowering of costs of production by producing in bulk
c. External economies
3. Arise when cost per unit depends on size of the firm
d. Economies of scope
4. Arise when cost per unit depends on the size of the industry, not the firm
A. a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
B. a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
C. a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
D. a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
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Consider the following statements
I. Money is stock while expenditure is flow
II. Money is stock while income is flow
III. Government debt is stock but interest payment is flow
IV. Credit by banks is flow and total deposits credit are stock
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. Only I and II
B. I, II and III
C. I, III and IV
D. All of these
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Which of the following goods is likely to have perfectly inelastic demand?
A. Luxury car
B. Salt
C. Cabbage
D. Sugar
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Which of the following statements are correct?
A. A perfectly elastic demand curve is parallel to the x-axis
B. The perfectly elastic demand curve is downward sloping
C. A perfectly inelastic demand curve is parallel to the x-axis
D. Generally the highly elastic demand curve is a lying line
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Which one of the following is NOT the pre-requisite of price discrimination?
A. Firm must have monopoly power
B. Product have multiple close substitutes and different uses
C. Markets are separated and segmented
D. Price elasticity of product must differ in different markets
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Penetrating pricing strategy is appropriate when
A. price elasticity of demand in the market is highly inelastic
B. price elasticity of demand in the market is uncertain
C. price elasticity of demand in the market is highly elastic
D. income elasticity of demand in the market is negatively elastic
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Who proposed substitution effect of change in consumer's equilibrium?
A. Hicks and Allen
B. Boulding
C. Marshall
D. Schumpeter
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The following are the two statements regarding concept of profit. Which of the statements being correct or incorrect.
Statement I Accounting profit is a surplus of total revenue over and above all paid-out costs, including both manufacturing and overhead expenses.
Statement II Economic or pure profit is a residual left after all contractual costs have been met, including the transfer costs of management, insurable risks, depreciation and payments to shareholders sufficient to maintain investment at its current level.
A. Both the statements are correct
B. Both the statements are incorrect
C. Statement I is correct while Statement II is incorrect
D. Statement I is incorrect while Statement II is correct
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
A. Degree of responsiveness of demand to a given change in its price is price elasticity of demand
B. Degree of responsiveness of demand for one good to change in price of other good is income elasticity of demand
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
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Production function is the relation of
A. Cost and Profit
B. Input and Output
C. Profit and Loss
D. Price and Demand
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Which of the following does not have a uniform elasticity of demand at all points?
A. a downward sloping demand curve
B. a vertical demand curve
C. a rectangular hyperbola demand curve
D. a horizontal demand curve
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The MC curve cuts AVC and ATC curves at
A. falling parts of each
B. different points
C. rising parts of each
D. their minimum level
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A monopolist produces 14,000 units of output and charges Rs. 14 per unit. Its marginal revenue is Rs. 8, its marginal cost is Rs. 7 and rising, its average total cost is Rs. 10, and its average variable cost is Rs. 9. The monopolist should
A. Increase output, which will increase the firm's positive economic profit
B. Increase output, which will reduce the firm's economic losses
C. Shut down, which will reduce the firm's economic losses
D. Decrease output, which will increase the firm's positive economic profit
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Under perfect competition a firm will be in stable equilibrium in the long run if the price is equal to
A. Marginal revenue
B. Marginal cost
C. Average fixed rate
D. Average variable cost
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Which of the following statement is incorrect?
A. Money is an asset, which provides cash to its owner
B. Money is an asset, which is used in exchange for goods and services
C. The United States money supply is largely composed of accumulating or borrowed money
D. The commodity is backbone of the United States money supply
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Which of the following is a criticism of the theory of monopolistic competition?
A. It is difficult to define a monopolistically competitive market and to determine the firms and products that comprise it
B. When product differentiation is slight, each firm's demand curve is nearly horizontal so the perfectly competitive solution provides an adequate approximation to the monopolistically competitive solution
C. When there are strong brand preferences and few producers of many differentiated products, or when there are many producers but only a few compete as rivals for any given consumer, the oligopoly solution then provides an adequate approximation to the monopolistically competitive solution
D. All of the above
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When the law of demand operates the demand curve
A. slopes downward from left to right
B. slopes upward from left to right
C. slopes upward from right to left
D. parallel to horizontal axis
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Assertion (A) A perfectly competitive firm is not a market but is a price taker.
Reason (R) The firm is intereshed in deciding the level of output only.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true
B. Both (A) and (R) are false
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true
D. (A) is true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)
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Which one of the following statement is true?
A. In case of inferior goods, the income effect is negative, although the substitution effect is positive
B. In inferior goods, the income and substitution effect is positive
C. In inferior goods, the income and substitution effect are negative
D. In case of inferior goods, the income effect is positive, although the substitution effect is negative
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