If two commodities are substitutes, a change in the price of the one, ceteris paribus, causes a change in the quantity purchased of the other
A. In the same direction
B. In an insignificant manner
C. In the opposite direction
D. Cannot be known
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A comparison of monopoly and cartel reveals that
A. Like monopoly, cartel also maximizes revenue of its members
B. Monopoly and cartel differ in the manner they reach their pricing decisions
C. Unlike monopoly, all members of cartel maximize
D. None of the above
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The law of equi-marginal utility states that
A. M U x . P x = M U y . P y = M U z . P z
B. P x M U x = P y M U y = P z M U z = M U m
C. P y M U x = P x M U y = M U m
D. P x M U x < P y M U y < P z M U z
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Which of the stages is relevant range for a rational firm in the competitive situation in the following diagram?
A. Stage I
B. Stage II
C. Stage III
D. None of the above
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After reaching the saturation point, consumption of additional units of the commodity causes
A. Total utility and marginal utility both to increase
B. Total utility to fall and marginal utility to increase
C. Total utility to fall and marginal utility to become negative
D. Total utility to become negative and marginal utility to fall
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The Law of Diminishing Returns is applied to all fields of production was stated by
A. A. C. Pigou
B. Walras
C. Alfred Marshall
D. David Ricardo
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In the case of an inferior commodity, the income elasticity of demand is
A. Infinity
B. Unitary
C. Negative
D. Positive
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Demand pull inflation may be caused by
A. an increase in costs
B. a reduction in interest rates
C. a reduction in government spending
D. an outward shift in aggregate supply
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Which one of these is an exception to the law of demand?
A. Demonstration effect goods
B. Giffen goods
C. Future -scarcity of goods
D. All of the above
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Elasticity of demand is based on which of the following factors?
A. Range of substitutes available
B. Joint demand
C. Proportion of income spent on the commodity
D. All of the above
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If more firms enter a competitive industry the theory predicts that
A. both marginal and average cost curves rise
B. the industry, short run supply curves shift upwards to the right
C. output of all firms increase
D. price of the products rise
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One would expect a firm to close down rather than continue producing in the short-period if
A. Variable costs were to fall below fixed costs
B. Total revenue were less than total variable cost
C. Total revenue were more than total variable cost
D. Variable costs were to rise above fixed costs
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The slope of the TVC or total cost curve indicates the
A. Average cost
B. Marginal revenue
C. Marginal cost
D. Variable cost
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It costs a firm 90 per unit to produce product A, and 60 per unit to produce B individually. If the firm can produce both products together at 160 per unit of product A and B, this exhibits signs of
A. economoes of scope
B. diseconomies of scale
C. diseconomies of scope
D. economiles of scale
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A table indicating various levels of demand at various prices is termed as
A. demand chart
B. demand schedule
C. demand table
D. price table
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If cross-elasticity of one commodity for another turns out to be zero, it means they are
A. Good complements
B. Close substitutes
C. Completely unrelated
D. None of these
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Under monopoly, the supply curve is absent because
A. the monopolist always makes profit
B. there is no entry for others
C. equilibrium involves MC = MR and MC < P
D. the monopolist controls the supply
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In case the two commodities are good substitutes, cross-elasticity will be
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Unitary
D. Infinite
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The formula for calculating arc elasticity is
A. e a = Q 1 + Q 2 Q 1 − Q 2 + P 1 + P 2 P 1 − P 2
B. e a = Q 1 − Q 2 Q 1 + Q 2 + P 1 − P 2 P 1 + P 2
C. e a = P 1 − P 2 Q 1 − Q 2 + P 1 + P 2 Q 1 − Q 2
D. None of these
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Marginal product becomes negative
A. When total output grows swiftly
B. When total output turns down
C. In no circumstances
D. When total output ceases to grow swiftly
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