Assertion (A): One of the meanings ascribed to the rule of law is that the general principles of the Constitution are the result of Judicial decisions determining the rights of private persons in particular cases brought before the courts. Reason (R): English judges played a retrogressive role in safeguarding the rights and liberties of Englishmen. Dicey, who was a liberal castigated the Judges.
Arrange the interest groups as given by Gabriel Almond in sequential order
1. Institutional groups
2. Non-associational groups
3. Associational groups
4. Anomie groups
Consider the following statements:
1. A certain measure of agreement on fundamental principles which can bind the people together as a political unit
2. Men and women should be duly organised or else they would make just a mongrel crowd
3. Men and women who are bonded and organised should formulate a clear and specific programme which they should place before the electorate
4. A political party should be prepared to carry out its policy by any means, fair or foul, so far as its policy is in keeping with the national interests
Which of the above statements are valid as conditions necessary to constitute a political party? Select the correct answer from the following:
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer: Assertion (A) Systems approach to comprative politics believes in the balance between the input structure and the output structure to maintain the equilibrium. Reason (R) Systems approach is criticised as a 'status quoist' model.
Consider the following :
1. The perpetual struggle of Ins and Outs for political power turns the legislature into a battlefield and in this struggle the interests of the country are forgotten.
2. Parties encourage hollowness and insincerity. They divide not only the legislature but the nation into hostile camps. During national emergencies, parties can hardly transcend their petty differences and present a united front.
3. Parties often over-reach themselves and indulge in unwholesome and immoral activities live bribing the legislators
4. Parties tend to become antonomous and to regard organisations as important for their own sake. Principles are thus subordinated to success at polls and issues are not considered on merit.
Which of the above statements make a valid criticism of political parties?
Select the correct answer from the following: