Assertion (A): Democracy is a system of government in which every citizen, irrespective of his or her age, is equally free to express views and desires upon all subjects in whatever way he or she wishes. Reason (R): There are certain presumptions of democracy: that the individual is rational and has the capacity to think and discuss the general problems of the community, that individual is sovereign over his body and mind and that there is no conflict between the good of the individual and the good of the community.
What is the correct sequence of the following events
1. Creation of Australian Commonwealth
2. Emergence of Swin Confederation
3. Establishment of US Federation
4. Formation of Caradian Federation
The Weberian model of bureaucracy has been criticised from a variety of stand points. Consider the following points in this regard:
1. The Weberian model appears to be a 'machine theory' and a closed system model taking little account of organisational interactions with the environment.
2. The structural features of bureaucracy as laid down by Weber might be suitable for routine and repetitive tasks but these would produce dysfunctional consequences in terms of human behaviour if the jobs would involve innovation and creativity.
3. Weberian model has not been found to respond adequately to the tasks of socio-economic transformation in the developing countries. These tasks require quick changes whereas the capacity of the Weberian model for adaptation to change is rather slow.
4. Weber's model is confined to the study of formal bureaucratic structure and fails to take notice of the informal structure of bureauracy such as informal relations, informal norms and values, an informal power hierarchy and informal power struggles.
Which of the above points make a valid criticism of the Weberian model? Select the correct answer from below: