Which one of the following amino acids is catalyzed by activated macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen species?
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Biotechnology Engineering · all questionsImmunology in Biotechnology
Immunology in Biotechnology
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Recombinant live attenuated vaccine against hepatitis B was prepared from
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Which of the following statements about immune response are correct?
P. T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells.
Q. Foreign peptides are not presented to helper T cells by class II MHC proteins.
R. Dendritic cells are referred to as professional antigenpresenting cells.
P. T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells.
Q. Foreign peptides are not presented to helper T cells by class II MHC proteins.
R. Dendritic cells are referred to as professional antigenpresenting cells.
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Which one of the following complement proteins is the initiator of the membrane attack complex?
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Which class of antibody is first made by developing B cells inside bone marrow?
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Macrophages eliminate pathogenic bacteria upon activation by
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Match the items Group I with Group II.
| Group I | Group II |
| P. Programmed cell death at site of infection | 1. TMV coat protein |
| Q. Hormone upregulated during flooding stress | 2. EPSP synthase |
| R. Target for herbicide glyphosate | 3. Hypersensitive response |
| S. Pathogen-derived resistance | 4. Ethylene |
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Idiotypic determinants of an antibody are associated with the
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Interferon β is produced by
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Junctional diversity of antibody molecules results from
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Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (A) and the Reason (R).
Assertion: IgM is found in serum as a pentameric protein consisting of five IgM monomers.
Reason: The pentameric form of IgM is due to cross linking of IgM monomers via peptide bond.
Assertion: IgM is found in serum as a pentameric protein consisting of five IgM monomers.
Reason: The pentameric form of IgM is due to cross linking of IgM monomers via peptide bond.
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Which one of the following is NOT a part of the human non-specific defense system?
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Match the immunoglobulin class in Group I with its properties in Group II.
| Group I | Group II |
| P. IgG | 1. Major antibody in external secretions such as bronchial mucus |
| Q. IgA | 2. Protects against parasites |
| R. IgE | 3. Antibody that appears first in serum after exposure to an antigen |
| S. IgM | 4. Antibody present in highest concentration in serum |
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Reverse vaccinology indicates
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Viral replication within cells is inhibited by
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Antibody diversity is generated by
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Match items in Group I with correct options from those given in Group II.
| Group I | Group II |
| P. Tissue plasminogen activator | 1. Immunomodulator |
| Q. Gamma interferon | 2. Biodegradable plastic |
| R. Podophyllotoxin | 3. Clot dissolution |
| S. Polyhydroxyalkanoate | 4. Anti-tumor agent |
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Gram-positive bacteria are generally resistant to complement-mediated lysis because
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Reactions between antibodies and antigens that are detected by precipitate formation in an agar gel are referred as
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Based on the heavy chain, which one of the following antibodies has multiple subtypes?
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